The Extraction and Determination of Ellagic Acid Content in the Peels of Six Iranian Pomegranates Cultivars Using a New Miniaturized Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Method
Abstract
Background and Aim:The peels of six Iranian pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) cultivars, as a traditional medicine, were treated with a new miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) method for the HPLC determination of ellagic acid (EA).Materials and Methods:In the proposed method, only 10mg of the sample powder was ground and blended with an equal amount of C18 sorbent in an agate mortar. The use of the agate mortar with smooth surface facilitated the sample transfer into a cartridge and reduced the required amount of sample and sorbent. Micro volumes of dichloromethane, n-hexane and methanol were used as modifier, washing and elution solvents, respectively. The eluate was injected into an HPLC-UV system for the analysis.Results:Several factors such as the type and amount of dispersing sorbent, modifier, washing solvent and eluent were carefully studied and optimized. Six replicated analyses at the optimized conditions resulted in a recovery of 96.7% and a relative standard deviation of 5.87%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of EA in the peels samples.Conclusion:According to the ultimate results, the MSPD method is an efficient technique for the quantitative extraction of EA from the peels of pomegranate. Malas cultivar has the highest amount (18.1 g kg-1) of ellagic acid content compared to the other studied pomegranate cultivars.References
Sarkhosh A, Zamani Z, Fatahi R, Hassani ME, Wiedow C, Buck E, et al. Genetic diversity of Iranian soft-seed pomegranate genotypes as revealed by fluorescent-AFLP markers. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2011;17(3):305-11.
Fischer UA, Carle R, Kammerer DR. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel, mesocarp, aril and differently produced juices by HPLC-DAD–ESI/MS n. Food Chemistry. 2011;127(2):807-21.
Ismail T, Sestili P, Akhtar S. Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: a review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;143(2):397-405.
Saad H, Charrier-El Bouhtoury F, Pizzi A, Rode K, Charrier B, Ayed N. Characterization of pomegranate peels tannin extractives. Ind Crops Prod. 2012;40:239-46.
Voravuthikunchai SP, Sririrak T, Limsuwan S, Supawita T, Iida T, Honda T. Inhibitory effects of active compounds from Punica granatum pericarp on verocytotoxin production by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7. Glob J Health Sci. 2005;51(5):590-6.
Zaouay F, Mena P, Garcia-Viguera C, Mars M. Antioxidant activity and physico-chemical properties of Tunisian grown pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Ind Crops Prod. 2012;40:81-9.
Li Y, Guo C, Yang J, Wei J, Xu J, Cheng S. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chemistry. 2006;96(2):254-60.
de Llasera MPG, Reyes-Reyes ML. A validated matrix solid-phase dispersion method for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from bovine samples. Food Chemistry. 2009;114(4):1510-6.
Aguilar-Arteaga K, Rodriguez J, Miranda J, Medina J, Barrado E. Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wastewaters by magnetic matrix solid phase dispersion–HPLC. Talanta. 2010;80(3):1152-7.
Arribas AS, Bermejo E, Chicharro M, Zapardiel A. Application of matrix solid-phase dispersion to the propham and maleic hydrazide determination in potatoes by differential pulse voltammetry and HPLC. Talanta. 2007;71(1):430-6.
Rodrigues SA, Caldas SS, Primel EG. A simple; efficient and environmentally friendly method for the extraction of pesticides from onion by matrix solid-phase dispersion with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric detection. Analytica chimica Acta. 2010;678(1):82-9.
Rubert J, Soler C, Manes J. Evaluation of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction for multi-mycotoxin determination in different flours using LC–MS/MS. Talanta. 2011;85(1):206-15.
Sobhanzadeh E, Bakar NKA, Abas MRB, Nemati K. Low temperature followed by matrix solid-phase dispersion-sonication procedure for the determination of multiclass pesticides in palm oil using LC-TOF-MS. J Hazard Mater. 2011;186(2):1308-13.
Barker SA. Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD). J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2007;70(2):151-62.
Boti VI, Sakkas VA, Albanis TA. An experimental design approach employing artificial neural networks for the determination of potential endocrine disruptors in food using matrix solid-phase dispersion. J Chrom A. 2009;1216(9):1296-304.
Sánchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Tadeo JL. Analysis of 27 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by matrix solid-phase dispersion and isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in sewage sludge from the Spanish area of Madrid. J Chrom A. 2007;1148(2):219-27.
Shao B, Han H, Tu X, Huang L. Analysis of alkylphenol and bisphenol A in eggs and milk by matrix solid phase dispersion extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chrom B. 2007;850(1):412-6.
Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Giansanti P, Gubbiotti R, Samperi R, Laganà A. Recent developments in matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction. J Chrom A. 2010;1217(16):2521-32.
Rashidipour M, Heydari R, Feizbakhsh A, Hashemi P. Rapid monitoring of carvacrol in plants and herbal medicines using matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography flame ionisation detector. Nat Prod Res. 2015;29(7):621-7.
Nasr CB, Ayed N, Metche M. Quantitative determination of the polyphenolic content of pomegranate peel. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung. 1996;203(4):374-8.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation. Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license (CC-BY). However, the license permits any user to read, copy, redistribute and and make derivative the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
