A Comparative Investigation of the Effects of the Cynara scolymus L. and Glibenclamide on Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats
Abstract
Background and Aim: The use of herbal medicines in the treatment of diabetes is increasing, because they have fewer side effects compared to chemical drugs. This research was carried out to compare the effects of artichoke and glibenclamide on serum glucose and lipid profiles in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 male rats were divided into 4 groups. The control group (group I) received a standard diet. The second group, assigned as the diabetic control group, did not received any treatment. The third group (group II), the diabetic group, received a low-alcohol extract of artichoke of 300 mg/kg body weight via intraperitoneal injection for 14 days, and the fourth group (group IV), the diabetic group, received glibenclamide that was injected at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight. Finally, blood samples were gathered through cardiac puncture, and serum FBG, TG, TC, LDL-c, VLDL-c, HDL-c and HbA1c were measured and compared by ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: Serum TG, TC, FBG and HbA1c significantly decreased, while HDL-c increased in the two groups of treated diabetic rats in comparison to diabetic control (p<0.05). Serum LDL-c, VLDL-c did not decrease significantly in the two groups of treated diabetic rats in comparison to diabetic control (p>0.05). With regard to TG, TC, LDL-c, VLDL-c and HbA1c, there was no significant distinction between the two treatment methods (p>0.05). However, HDL-c levels in group III were remarkably higher than the group IV (p<0.05), and FBG levels in the group IV were significantly higher than the group III (p<0.024).Conclusion: The results indicated that artichoke alcoholic extract could improve hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and FBG in diabetic rats. Hence, it can be considered as an alternative remedy to control diabetes.References
Scharf BM, Bissell RA, Trevitt JL, Jenkins JL. Diagnosis Prevalence and Comorbidity in a Population of Mobile Integrated Community Health Care Patients. Prehospital and disaster medicine. 2018; 27:1-0.
Chawla A, Chawla R, Jaggi S. Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2016;20(4):546-51.
Sola D, Rossi L, Schianca GPC, Maffioli P, Bigliocca M, Mella R, et al. Sulfonylureas and their use in clinical practice. Archives of Medical Science : AMS. 2015;11(4):840-8.
Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2013;4:177.
Sofowora A, Ogunbodede E, Onayade A. The Role and Place of Medicinal Plants in the Strategies for Disease Prevention. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines. 2013;10(5):210-29.
El-Boshy M, Ashshi A, Gaith M, Qusty N, Bokhary T, AlTaweel N, Abdelhady M. Studies on the protective effect of the artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against cadmium toxicity-induced oxidative stress, hepatorenal damage, and immunosuppressive and hematological disorders in rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017;24(13):12372-83.
Kulza M, Adamska K, Senczuk-Przybylowska M, Wozniak A, Wachowiak A, Miechowicz I, et al. [Artichoke--herbal drug]. Przegl Lek. 2012;69(10):1122-6.
Marelli MM, Limonta P, Maggi R, Motta M, Moretti R. Growth‐inhibitory activity of melatonin on human androgen‐independent DU 145 prostate cancer cells. The Prostate. 2000;45(3):238-44.
Mazzoccoli G, Sothern RB, Pazienza V, Piepoli A, Muscarella LA, Giuliani F, et al. Circadian aspects of growth hormone–Insulin-like growth factor axis function in patients with lung cancer. Clinical lung cancer. 2012;13(1):68-74.
Ben Salem M, Affes H, Ksouda K, Dhouibi R, Sahnoun Z, Hammami S, et al. Pharmacological Studies of Artichoke Leaf Extract and Their Health Benefits. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2015;70(4):441-53.
Maietta M, Colombo R, Lavecchia R, Sorrenti M, Zuorro A, Papetti A. Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) waste as a natural source of carbonyl trapping and antiglycative agents. Food Research International. 2017;100:780-90.
H R, M G, H S, A M-H. Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer and Its Incidence Trends in Iran. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2016;23(2):320-7.
Asad M, Munir TA, Farid S, Aslam M, Shah SS. Duration effect of Acacia nilotica leaves extract and glibenclamide as hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015;65(12):1266-70.
Marín-Peñalver JJ, Martín-Timón I, Sevillano-Collantes C, del Cañizo-Gómez FJ. Update on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World journal of diabetes. 2016;7(17):354.
Kalantari MR, Anvari K, Jabbari H, Tabrizi FV. p63 is more sensitive and specific than 34betaE12 to differentiate adenocarcinoma of prostate from cancer mimickers. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2014;17(7):497-501.
Tang X, Wei R, Deng A, Lei T. Protective effects of ethanolic extracts from artichoke, an edible herbal medicine, against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):10.
Shimoda H, Ninomiya K, Nishida N, Yoshino T, Morikawa T, Matsuda H, et al. Anti-hyperlipidemic sesquiterpenes and new sesquiterpene glycosides from the leaves of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.): structure requirement and mode of action. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003;13(2):223-8.
Wider B, Pittler MH, Thompson-Coon J, Ernst E. Artichoke leaf extract for treating hypercholesterolaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;7(4).
P N, Vijayakumar TP, P A, M A. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Cynara Scolymus among Selected Type 2 Diabetic Individuals2006.
Alipour Barzegar S. ATB. preventive effects of jujube (ziziphus jujuba) extract on hepatic steatosis in the rats fed with high fat diet. journal of comparative pathobiology iran. 2017;13 (4):2037-49.
Winocour PH, Durrington PN, Bhatnagar D, Ishola M, Arrol S, Mackness M. Abnormalities of VLDL, IDL, and LDL characterize insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12(8):920-8.
Abou-Seif MA, Youssef AA. Evaluation of some biochemical changes in diabetic patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2004;346(2):161-70.
Wakatsuki A, Ikenoue N, Sagara Y. Effect of estrogen on the size of low-density lipoprotein particles in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;90(1):22-5.
Lins PE, Lundblad S, Persson-Trotzig E, Adamson U. Glibenclamide improves the response to insulin treatment in non-insulin-dependent diabetics with second failure to sulfonylurea therapy. Acta Med Scand. 1988;223(2):171-9.
Becic F, Kapic E, Becic E. [Glimepiride--an oral antidiabetic agent]. Med Arh. 2003;57(2):125-7.
Kavitha N, De S, Kanagasabai S. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in pregnancy: An Update. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India. 2013;63(2):82-7.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation. Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license (CC-BY). However, the license permits any user to read, copy, redistribute and and make derivative the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
