Effects of Allium Hirtifolium Hydroalcoholic Extract and N-acetylcysteine on the Oxidative Toxic Stress Biomarkers in Aluminum Phosphide and Paraquat Toxicity in Rats
Abstract
Background and Aim: It has been indicated that aluminum phosphide (ALP) and paraquat (PQ) poisoning generate oxidative stress through the production of free radicals. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Persian shallot and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against induced oxidative stress by PQ and ALP. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wister rats were divided into ten groups of 7. Animals received ALP and PQ alone and also in combination with NAC and the hydro alcoholic extract of Persian shallot. After twenty-four hours of treatment, the animals were scarified and their blood as well as liver samples were collected. Then, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), catalase (CAT) activity, as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. Results: The PQ and ALP significantly increased ALT and AST leakage compared to the control group (P<0.05). The TAC of serum and liver remarkably increased in the groups treated with NAC and hydro alcoholic extracts of Persian shallot in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: As a natural antioxidant, the hydro alcoholic extract of Persian shallot can counteract with oxidative stress induced by ALP and PQ to ameliorate liver function. Keywords: Persian Shallot, Oxidative stress, N-acetyl cysteine, Aluminum Phosphide, ParaquatReferences
REFERENCES:
ABDOLLAHI, M., RANJBAR, A., SHADNIA, S., NIKFAR, S. & REZAIEE, A. (2004). Pesticides and oxidative stress: a review. Medical Science Monitor, 10, RA141-RA147.
BATRA, K., TANEJA, O. & KHEMANI, L. (1994). Acute oral toxicity of aluminum phosphide in male albino rats (Wistar). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 52, 662-666.
CHUGH, S., ARORA, V., SHARMA, A. & CHUGH, K. (1996). Free radical scavengers & lipid peroxidation in acute aluminium phosphide poisoning. Indian J Med Res, 104, 190-193.
GAWARAMMANA, I. B. & BUCKLEY, N. A. (2011). Medical management of paraquat ingestion. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 72, 745-757.
HE, X., WANG, L., SZKLARZ, G., BI, Y. & MA, Q. (2012). Resveratrol inhibits paraquat-induced oxidative stress and fibrogenic response by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 342, 81-90.
ISSELS, R. D., NAGELE, A., ECKERT, K.-G. & WLLMANNS, W. (1988). Promotion of cystine uptake and its utilization for glutathione biosynthesis induced by cysteamine and N-acetylcysteine. Biochem Pharmacol, 37, 881-888.
JAVAD, H., SEYED-MOSTAFA, H.-Z., FARHAD, O., MEHDI, M., EBRAHIM, A. O., NADER, R. G., RAMIN, G. S. & BEHROOZ, H. (2012). Hepatoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium hirtifolium (Persian shallot) in diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol.
JOHANSSON, L. H. & BORG, L. H. (1988). A spectrophotometric method for determination of catalase activity in small tissue samples. Anal Biochem, 174, 331-336.
KAZEMI, S., ASGARY, S., MOSHTAGHIAN, J., RAFIEIAN, M., ADELNIA, A. & SHAMSI, F. (2010). Liver-protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium hirtifolium Boiss. In rats with alloxan-induced di-abetes mellitus. ARYA Atheroscler, 6, 11-15.
LEELARUNGRAYUB, N., CHANARAT, N. & RATTANAPANONE, V. (2004). Potential activity of Thai shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L.) extract on the prevention of hemolysis and glutathione depletion in human erythrocyte from oxidative stress. CMU J, 3, 225-234.
LOURIZ, M., DENDANE, T., ABIDI, K., MADANI, N., ABOUQAL, R. & ZEGGWAGH, A. (2009). Prognostic factors of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning. Indian journal of medical sciences.
LUKASZEWICZ-HUSSAIN, A. (2010). Role of oxidative stress in organophosphate insecticide toxicity–Short review. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 98, 145-150.
MAHMOODI, M., HOSSEINI-ZIJOUD, S.-M., ARABABADI, M. K., KHORRAMDELAZAD, H., MORADI-SARDAREH, H., MORADI, Y., HASSANSHAHI, G., HASHEMI, B., GHASEMI, H. & MORADI, M.-N. (2013). Effect of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss.) extract on glucokinase (GCK), glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) genes expression in diabetic rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, 7, 389-396.
MATHAI, A. & BHANU, M. S. (2010). Acute aluminium phosphide poisoning: Can we predict mortality? Indian J Anaesth, 54, 302.
MOGHADAMNIA, A. A. (2012). An update on toxicology of aluminum phosphide. DARU, 20, 25.
MORADI, Y., MORADI-SARDAREH, H., GHASEMI, H., MOHAMADI, N., MORADI, M.-N. & HOSSEINI-ZIJOUD, S.-M. (2013). Medicinal properties of Persian shallot. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3, 371-379.
NAKATA, K., KAWASE, M., OGINO, S., KINOSHITA, C., MURATA, H., SAKAUE, T., OGATA, K. & OHMORI, S. (1996). Effects of age on levels of cysteine, glutathione and related enzyme activities in livers of mice and rats and an attempt to replenish hepatic glutathione level of mouse with cysteine derivatives. Mech Ageing Dev, 90, 195-207.
OGHABIAN, Z., AFSHAR, A. & RAHIMI, H. R. (2016). Hepatotoxicity due to zinc phosphide poisoning in two patients: role of N‐acetylcysteine. Clin Case Rep, 4, 768-772.
PASHA, S. A., PRABODH, S., RAO, N., SUHASINI, T., SRIPAD, D. V. & CHOWDARY, N. (2015). Role of Liver Function Tests and Serum Lactate Levels in Predicting the Severity of Acute Paraquat Poisoning. Int J Sci Study, 3.
PEREIRA-FILHO, G., FERREIRA, C., SCHWENGBER, A., MARRONI, C., ZETTLER, C. & MARRONI, N. (2008). Role of N-acetylcysteine on fibrosis and oxidative stress in cirrhotic rats. Arq Gastroenterol, 45, 156-162.
RAMAIAH, S. K. (2007). A toxicologist guide to the diagnostic interpretation of hepatic biochemical parameters. Food and chemical toxicology, 45, 1551-1557.
SINGH, Y., JOSHI, S. C., SATYAWALI, V. & GUPTA, A. (2014). Acute aluminium phosphide poisoning, what is new? Egypt J Intern Med, 26, 99.
TEHRANI, H., HALVAIE, Z., SHADNIA, S., SOLTANINEJAD, K. & ABDOLLAHI, M. (2013). Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on aluminum phosphide-induced oxidative stress in acute human poisoning. Clinical Toxicology, 51, 23-28.
ZANGANEH, N., SIAHPOUSHI, E., KHEIRIPOUR, N., KAZEMI, S., GOODARZI, M. T. & ALIKHANI, M. Y. (2017). Brucellosis Causes Alteration in Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress Factors. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2017. 1-5. doi: 10.1007/s12011-017-1102-3. [Epub ahead of print].
ZARRINKALAM, E., RANJBAR, K., SALEHI, I., KHEIRIPOUR, N. & KOMAKI, A. (2018). Resistance training and hawthorn extract ameliorate cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 97, 503-510.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation. Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license (CC-BY). However, the license permits any user to read, copy, redistribute and and make derivative the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
