Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Herbal Medicines Journal 2538-2144 6 3 2021 05 01 The Effect of Foliar Application of Urea and Salicylic Acid on the Antibacterial Properties of Physalis alkekengi L. In vitro condition 102 112 221184 10.22087/hmj.v7i3.847 EN Ali Pezeshki Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, East Azarbaijan, Iran Hassan Nourafcan Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Organic Products Research Center, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, East Azarbaijan, Iran Mehdi Oraei Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, East Azarbaijan, Iran Naser Mohebalipour Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, East Azarbaijan, Iran Assad Assadi Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of veterinary, Medicinal Plants and Organic Products Research Center, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, East Azarbaijan, Iran Journal Article 2025 05 19 Background and Aim: The Physalis alkekengi is a medicinal plant that has long been used in pharmaceutical, food and health products. Increasing and indiscriminate use of synthetic antibiotics against bacterial infections has increased drug resistance. As a result, today there is an increasing tendency among people to use drugs of natural origin, particularly herbal ones. In this regard, this study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effects of alcoholic extract of Physalis alkekengi on some common bacteria in vitro condition. Materials and Methods: In this study, the alcoholic extract of Physalis alkekengi obtained from foliar application of urea fertilizer (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2%) and salicylic acid (0.001. 0.0025, 0.005 and 0.01 mM) at four levels were used. For this purpose, antibacterial effects of the extracts were investigated by dilution methods in tube, disk and well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Shigella dysenteriae and Klebsiella pneumonia. Results: The results of the present study indicated that the extracts of Physalis alkekengi have antibacterial effects under the influence of different treatments of urea and salicylic acid. Moreover, the results showed the effects of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations of different treatments of urea and salicylic acid. Among the tested concentrations, urea concentrations of 2% and 0.5% had the highest and lowest inhibitory effects on bacterial growth compared to the negative and positive control groups respectively. Salicylic acid with 0.01 and 0.001mM showed the highest and lowest bacterial growth inhibitory effects respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the extract of Physalis alkekengi contain suitable antibacterial substances that can be used as an alternative in cases of drug resistance against pathogenic microorganisms.  https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221184_eef542ab4d0051ecb086c4c3b258f972.pdf