Lorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21443220180501Assessing the Subchronic Toxicity of the Ethanolic Extract of the Pods of Tetrapleura tetraptera on Swiss Albino Mice475322143910.22087/hmj.v3i2.676ENOloyedeAdeola MichaelDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos State, NigeriaJournal Article20250522Background and Aim: Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit is widely used in south-east and western Nigeria not only as a spice but also as a remedy for various ailments. This research aims at examining the subchronic toxicity of the ethanolic extract of the pods of T. tetraptera on Swiss albino mice.Materials and Methods: Twenty-five Swiss albino Wistar mice weighing between 18-30g were randomly divided into five groups. Animals in group 1 that was regarded as the control group were administered distilled water. Animals in group 2-4 were orally administered 50,100 and 200mg kg-1 bodyweight of T. tetraptera. All animals were fasting on the eve of the 43rd day. Following the withdrawal of treatment, the blood, liver, kidneys, lungs and heart were removed for hematologic, biochemical and histologic investigations.Results: No remarkable alteration was observed in the hematologic parameters except for the significant reduction in the WBC. The biochemical investigation indicated gross changes in most of the biochemical analytes dose-dependently. The levels of ALT, ALP, TB, DB, PRO, CREA, UREA, ALB and CHOL were all noticeably (P˂0.05) different from the control group in all doses which might be indicative of toxicity. Moreover, some minor changes were observed in the histoarchitecture of the liver and the kidney.Conclusion: Hence, the results revealed that the extract might have induced toxicity to the kidneys and liver which may in turn influence other parts of the body. Tetrapleura tetraptera may contain some phytochemicals, which on prolonged use may affect the physiology of the body. https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221439_147a6b462def1fa031bad9fb49fc305c.pdfLorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21443220180501Comparison between MPO, CD177 and NF-κB Gene Expression of Septic Rats Treated with Mentha longifolia Essential Oils545922144010.22087/herb%20med%20j.v3i2.738ENAzadehRasooliDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranRezaHajihosseiniDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranAtoosaVaziriDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250522Background and Aim: Incidences range of sepsis-associated liver dysfunction and lung injury are observed in patients with sepsis. Mentha longifolia as a native Iranian plant have many properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. In this regard, the anti-inflammatory effect of Mentha longifolia essential oil (E.O) on liver and lung injury induced by sepsis was investigated.Materials and Methods: Gene expression of three genes (MPO, CD177 and NF-κB) as inflammatory factors was evaluated by real-time PCR in four experimental groups (Laparotomy (LAP), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and essential oil groups at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight doses). The treatment was carried out orally for two weeks before CLP surgery. 24 hours after CLP, samples were immediately transferred to -80ºC to maintain for further experiments.Results: Expression of genes increased in the CLP group as compared to the LAP group. Treatments of rats with essential oil have been effective in decreasing genes expression levels in two dosages at two tissues.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that M. longifolia essential oil treatment could protect against sepsis-induced liver and lung injury by reducing inflammatory factor. https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221440_3376b9f64f641e562d0b3d154a11f89c.pdfLorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21443220180501Optimization of Oleuropein Extraction from Organic Extracts Using a Microfluidic Device and Response Surface Methodology606922144110.22087/herb%20med%20j.v3i2.739ENRouhollahHeydaridRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranMasoudRahimiCFD Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Taghe Bostan, 67149 Kermanshah, IranNasimNaleiniRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranJournal Article20250522Background and Aim: Pharmaceutical applications of natural materials from plants date back to ancient times. Oleuropein is one of the compounds that are found in olive leaves, fruit, bark and roots of Olea europaea (the olive tree) that cause the bitter taste of olive oil and fruit. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize the microfluidic device for the extraction of oleuropein into the aqueous phase using response surface methodology.Materials and Methods: In this study, a microfluidic device was used for the extraction of oleuropein from the organic extract of olive leaves into the aqueous phase. The effects of main parameters on the extraction efficiency including temperature, flow rate ratio (ethyl acetate/water) and residence time were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM).Results: The maximum extraction yield was obtained under the following conditions: deionized water as extractant phase, temperature of 40 ºC, flow rate ratio of 0.16 and residence time of 0.1010 min. The extraction yield of 70.93% was obtained under the above conditions with relative standard deviation of 2.0 %. The results of the analysis of variance indicate that unlike temperature, flow rate ratio and residence time are significant parameters. Moreover, square of temperature, flow rate ratio, residence time and interaction of flow rate ratio and residence time are significant factors. The extraction yield of the proposed microchannel was compared with conventional batch extraction method.Conclusion: The results show that the proposed technique can successfully be applied to the extract of oleuropein from the organic phase into the aqueous phase. https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221441_ba473068f1b856dfdb8de8dd3610c09b.pdfLorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21443220180501The in Vitro Effects of Echinophora Cinerea on Cell Line, Giardia Lamblia Cyst, and Giardia Muris707622151410.22087/herb%20med%20j.v3i2.740ENBehrouzEzatpourRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.MahmoudBahmaniRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.MehdiAzamiSkin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.FarnazKheirandishRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of
Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranMahmoudRafieian-KopaeiMedical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.Journal Article20250524Background and Aim: Currently, Giardia lamblia is the most common parasitic protozoan in many countries, including Iran, and the most important cause of diarrhea among travelers, children, and homosexuals. Chemical drugs could be used to treat giardiasis. These drugs can have carcinogenic effects and can lead to drug resistance, which is being reported from different regions across the world, including Iran.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to phytochemically analyze Echinophora cinerea, and to compare the in vitro effects of E. cinerea extract and metronidazole on G. lamblia and Giardia muris. In addition, this research investigates the in vitro effect of ethanolic E. cinerea extract on G. lamblia and G. muris cysts as well as the cytotoxicity of this extract on cell line from the SFIF-PI-44 (intestine of sheep) and IEC-18 (ileum of rat).Results: α-phellandrene was found to be the most significant and abundant compound of E. cinerea. According to the findings, 4 and 8 mg/mL of E. cinerea caused the gradual destruction of G. muris cysts (6.83 and 7.89 cysts/h, respectively). Moreover, 4 and 8 mg/mL of the same extract caused the gradual destruction of G. lamblia cysts (7.92 and 7.89 cysts/h, respectively). Furthermore, the mean rate of cysts destruction was found to be 8.83 cysts/h by 8 mg/mL of E. cinerea extract.Conclusion: Regarding the optimal effects of E. cinerea, further research seems necessary on the in vitro antigiardial effects of this plant.https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221514_a739fa1977628258531dadadb91b9fb1.pdf