Lorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21442220170501The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and Carvacrol515922155610.22087/hmj.v0i0.613ENNasserGholijani1Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranZahraAmirghofran1Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2Department of Immunology and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, IranJournal Article20250524Background and Aim: Thymol and carvacrol are two important components of thyme that have multiple medicinal uses. This study investigates the in vivo effects of these natural products on adjuvant-induced inflammation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-17 and key inflammatory cytokines in rats.Materials and Methods: We injected complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of rats in order to induce inflammation. Each of the CFA-treated rat groups received gavages of thymol, carvacrol, or vehicle (CFA-only group). Rats’ paws and ankle edema were measured and then we were able to determine an inflammatory score based on the results. After 72 h of inflammation induction, sera were collected and subsequently inflamed tissue extracts were prepared for cytokine assay by ELISA.Results: Both components significantly decreased paw edema in rats (p<0.01). Thymol decreased ankle edema to 61.6% of edema in CFA-only rats (p<0.001). We observed a decreased inflammatory score in the thymol and carvacrol-treated rats. The evaluation of the tissue and serum inflammatory cytokine levels showed that both components decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (p<0.05). Thymol and carvacrol reduced interleukin (IL)-1β serum and tissue levels, respectively. These components reduced tissue levels of IL-17 from 148.4±13.4pg/ml in CFA-only rats to 90.1±18.9pg/ml (thymol) and 82.3±9.2pg/ml (carvacrol). Both components decreased serum IL-17 levels in rats (p<0.05). In comparison, the anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, reduced the inflammatory score and decreased tissue TNF-α and IL-1β levels but did not affect IL-17 production.Conclusion: Carvacrol and thymol could relieve inflammation symptoms possibly by downregulating serum and tissue IL-17 expression in addition to key pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-1β.https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221556_2183845686b559c7a166933746a3a41b.pdfLorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21442220170501The Effect of Chenopodium Album and Apium Nodiflorum on the Expression of the Regulatory Gene (aflR) that Produces Aflatoxin in Aspergillus parasiticus606522155710.22087/hmj.v0i0.612ENFatemehNoorbakhshDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin- Pishva, IranEnsiehLotfaliDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin- Pishva, IranAliGhajariDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSahamAnsariDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRezaMohammadiMedicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, IranZahraArab-Mazar4
Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250524Background and Aim: Aflatoxins which are mainly produced by Aspergillus parasiticus are among the highly toxic secondary metabolites. This species often contaminates food and agricultural products including cereals, peanuts, and crops in the field. Recently, a number of studies have been carried out on the elimination of aflatoxin, and the antifungal effects of medicinal herbs, such as Chenopodium album (36HYU2385) and Apium nodiflorum (36HYU2362). In this study, the effects of C. album and A. nodiflorum as natural compounds were examined on Aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxins production and the aflR gene expression.Materials and Methods: The antifungal susceptibility testing of C. album and A. nodiflorum were performed according to CLSI document M38-A2. Quantitative changes in aflR gene level of expression were analyzed by Real-time PCR method.Results: Results indicated that minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the extracts of C. album and A. nodiflorum against A. parasiticus growth were 100 mg/ml and 120 mg/ml respectively. Extracts of Chenopodium album and Apium nodiflorum have antitoxic properties. Moreover, they effectively decrease aflatoxin production. The level of aflR gene expression was decreased significantly after the exposure of fungal cells to the extracts. The highest inhibition was observed in MIC= 100 mg/ml of C. album.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be suggested that these herbal extracts may have antifungal potential to be used in medicine or agriculture.https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221557_d6ba35655426a6a03dd15880e2b00103.pdfLorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21442220170501Determination of Antioxidative Effect of Achillea Millefolium Essential Oil on Mayonnaise Stability by Rancimat Method667022155810.22087/hmj.v0i0.611ENAsiyeAhmadi-DastgerdiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHamidEzzatpanahDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSedigheAsgaryPharmacognosy Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,
IranShahramDokhaniDepartment of Food Science and Technology. Isfahan University of Technology, IranEbrahimRahimiDepartment of Food Hygiene, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20250524Background and Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition associated with poor liver performance. No strategy for NAFLD treatment other than weight reduction and lifestyle modification, including diet, has yet been suggested. This study was performed to show the effect of olive oil on NAFLD improvement.Materials and Methods: In this trial, 35 male Wistar rats were fed a basic diet for 14 days, and then they received a high fat – high carbohydrate diet (43% fat, 50% carbohydrates and 17% protein) for 28 days to induce NAFLD. Afterwards, intervention period was started by dividing the animals into 3 groups as control (C) (induction diet), treatment 1 (T1) (10% olive oil) and treatment 2 (T2) (20% olive oil) for 28 days. Biochemical indices such as AST, ALT, TG, Total Cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C were measured between each two periods. Twenty-four rats were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and repeated measures tests.Results: Mean AST decreased in C group from 466 UI/L to 193.3 UI/L, in T1 group from 697 UI/L to 312 UI/L, and in T2 group from 453.7 UI/L to 263.6 UI/L. Mean ALT decreased in C group from 121.3 UI/L to 80.3 UI/L, in T1 group from 178.8 UI/L to 167.3 UI/L, and in T2 group from 124.8 UI/L to 120.2 UI/L(p=0.02). Mean total Cholesterol in C, T1, and T2 groups changed from 76.3,75.8, and 78.8 mg/dl to 80.8, 77, and 73.9 mg/dl, respectively (p=0.05). Mean serum TG in C, T1, and T2 groups decreased from 87.3, 128.1, and 133.7 mg/dl to 78, 58, and 89.3 mg/dl, respectively (P=0.02).Conclusion: All in all, the results indicated that the diet containing olive oil (10% and 20%) decreased the level of ALT enzyme and the diet with 20% olive oil reduced total serum cholesterol level in rats.https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221558_9b0337ccf95845344c90d98d9dcaa80a.pdfLorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21442220170501The Efficient Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Oak Gall Using a Miniaturized Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Method before their HPLC Determination7179221559ENAhmadDaneshfarDepartment of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranPaymanHashemiDepartment of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranBahramDelfanRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University (Medical Sciences), Khorramabad, IranMajidTavakkoliAgriculture and Natural Resource Research Center, Khorramabad, IranParivashMollaei RashnoDepartment of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranJournal Article20250524Background and Aim: Several gall varieties are found in Lorestan Province, Iran, on Quercus infectoria oak trees, which contain important phenolic compounds. In this work, a miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction method has been developed for quantitative extraction and HPLC/UV determination of them.Materials and Methods: In the MSPD method, 10 mg of sample and 50 mg of silica gel adsorbent were transferred into an agate mortar. The mixture was finely pulverized after adding 40 µL dichloromethane as disperser solvent. It was then transferred into a cartridge, eluted by 350 µL of methanol, and the eluate was subsequently injected into HPLC for analysisn.Results: The extractions were quantitative with mean recoveries of 103.0±6.8% and 99.5±7.3% for ellagic acid (EA) and gallic acid (GA) in six replicated extractions, respectively. The detection limit of the method was 0.05-0.06 mg g-1. The method was successfully applied to the extraction and HPLC determination of the phenolic compounds in five gall species.Conclusion: The proposed technique is simple and fast. It substantially reduced the amounts of sample, sorbent and organic solvents required for the extraction. The maximum amounts of the phenolic compounds were found in Qalqaf and Bramazu galls.https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221559_e25b87ba31561942d948e082f7eef717.pdfLorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21442220170501The Effects of Olive Oil on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Male Wistar Rats808622156010.22087/hmj.v0i0.617ENArefehKhaksar Jalali1 Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranShahrzadMir Ashrafi1 Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranSamiraShokriDepartment of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranMaryamRezaeeRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranFarzadEbrahimzadehDepartment of Public Health, School of Health and Nutrition,, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranEbrahimFalahiNutrition Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IraJournal Article20250524Background and Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition associated with poor liver performance. No strategy for NAFLD treatment other than weight reduction and lifestyle modification, including diet, has yet been suggested. This study was performed to show the effect of olive oil on NAFLD improvement.Materials and Methods: In this trial, 35 male Wistar rats were fed a basic diet for 14 days, and then they received a high fat – high carbohydrate diet (43% fat, 50% carbohydrates and 17% protein) for 28 days to induce NAFLD. Afterwards, intervention period was started by dividing the animals into 3 groups as control (C) (induction diet), treatment 1 (T1) (10% olive oil) and treatment 2 (T2) (20% olive oil) for 28 days. Biochemical indices such as AST, ALT, TG, Total Cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C were measured between each two periods. Twenty-four rats were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and repeated measures tests.Results: Mean AST decreased in C group from 466 UI/L to 193.3 UI/L, in T1 group from 697 UI/L to 312 UI/L, and in T2 group from 453.7 UI/L to 263.6 UI/L. Mean ALT decreased in C group from 121.3 UI/L to 80.3 UI/L, in T1 group from 178.8 UI/L to 167.3 UI/L, and in T2 group from 124.8 UI/L to 120.2 UI/L(p=0.02). Mean total Cholesterol in C, T1, and T2 groups changed from 76.3,75.8, and 78.8 mg/dl to 80.8, 77, and 73.9 mg/dl, respectively (p=0.05). Mean serum TG in C, T1, and T2 groups decreased from 87.3, 128.1, and 133.7 mg/dl to 78, 58, and 89.3 mg/dl, respectively (P=0.02).Conclusion: All in all, the results indicated that the diet containing olive oil (10% and 20%) decreased the level of ALT enzyme and the diet with 20% olive oil reduced total serum cholesterol level in rats.https://hmj.lums.ac.ir/article_221560_67a2bd881863ef6e0bc6a3619b1fef62.pdf