A Preliminary Comparative Investigation of Hypotensive Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Securidaca Longepedunculata, Olax Subscorpioidea and Persea Americana on Albino Rats

  • Adeola Michael Oloyede Lecturer, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos-Nigeria.
Keywords: S longepedunculata, O. subscorpioidea, P. Diastolic blood pressure, Hypotensive, Mean arterial blood pressure, Pulse rate

Abstract

Background and Aim: Securidaca longipedunculata, Olax subscorpioidea and Persea americana are medicinal plants that serve several purposes in treating many ailments. In this study, the cardiovascular activities of ethanolic extract of the plants were separately assessed using rats of average weight of 181g. Materials and Methods: Twenty rats were utilized for each plant. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded through cannulation of the carotid artery on anaesthetized normotensive rats, following the intravenous administration of the ethanolic extract of S. longepedunculata (50-200mg kg-1), O. subscorpioidea (12.5 -50mg kg-1) and P. americana (200 and 400mg kg-1). Acetylcholine and nifedipine served as reference drugs while 0.9% saline was the control.  After the administration of the extracts, the physiological reactions of the animals were recorded via a polygraph device fastened to a pressure transducer. Results: The elicited extract significantly (p˂0.05) decreased pulse rate, mean arterial, and systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure. These extracts produced significant blood pressure variation patterns, suggesting increased hypotensive activities. This may be adduced to the likely presence of some phytochemicals such as flavonoids in the plants that could possibly act as vasodilators or inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzymes. It may act like calcium channel blockers, β-blockers or natriuretic peptides. Conclusion: This pharmacological investigation; therefore, gives credence and justification to the ethnomedical, anecdotal and folkloric uses of S. longepedunculata, O. subscorpioidea and P. americana as blood depressants and it was revealed that O. subscorpioidea is more potent followed by S. longepedunculata and P. americana being the least potent one.

Author Biography

Adeola Michael Oloyede, Lecturer, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos-Nigeria.
Senior Lecturer Department of Cell Biology and Genetics,Faculty of Science,University of Lagos,Akoka, Yaba- Lagos

References

Manosroi A, Lohcharoenkal W, Khonsung P, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. Potent antihypertensive activity of Thai-Lanna medicinal plants and recipes from “MANOSROI III” database, Pharmaceutical Biology. 2013;51(11):1426-34.

Salami H, Adelaiye A, Tukur M, Olorunsola K, Ayo J. In vivo modulatory responses of cardiovascular system to ethanolic extract of the root bark of Securidaca longipeduncalata in albino rats. Surgical Cases Reports and Reviews. 2018;2(1):1-4.

Abubakar M, Ukwuani A, Mande U. Antihypertensive activity of Hibiscus Sabdariffa aqueous calyx extract in Albino rats. Sky Journal of Biochemistry Research. 2015;4(3):16-20.

Amaechina F, Omogbai E. Hypotensive Effect of Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Phyllanthus Amarus Schum, Thonn (Euphorbiaceae). Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica Drug Research. 2007;64(6):547-52.

Keshebo D, Choudhury M. Phytochemical investigation of Securidaca longipedunculata (Polygalaceae) and structure elucidation of benzyl 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy benzoate. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 2015;4(1):690-5.

Okoli R, Aigbe O, Ohaju-Obodo J, Mensah J. Medicinal herbs used for managing some common ailments among Esan people of Edo State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2007;6(5):490-6.

Soladoye M, Amusa N, Raji-Esan S, Chukwuma E, Taiwo A. Ethnobotanical survey of anti-cancer plants in Ogun State, Nigeria. Annals of Biological Research. 2010;1:261-73.

Ogunmefun O, Gbile Z. An ethnobotanical study of anti-rheumatic plants in South Western States of Nigeria. Asian Journal of Science and Technology. 2012;4(11):63-6.

Ayandele A, Adebiyi A. The phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial screening of extracts of Olax subscorpioidea. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2007;6(7);868-70.

Ukwe C, Ubaka C, Madusque U. Evaluation of the antiulcer activity of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. roots in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2010;3:13-6.

Anon. The useful plants of India. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi, India, 2008. 8-19.

Abubakar A, Junaid S, Ofodile A, Olabode A, Echeonwu G, Okwori A, et al. Evaluation of Securidaca longipedunculata leaf and root extracts for antimicrobial activities. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2008;2(12):322-5.

Ndamitso M, Mohammed A, Jimoh T, Idris S, Oyeleke, S, Etsuyankpa M. Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Securidaca longepedunculata on selected pathogens. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2013;7(50):5652-6.

Ishola I, Akinyede A, Lawal S, Popoola T, Lawal A. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae) leaf extract in rodents: possible mechanisms of antinociceptive action. West African Journal of Pharmacy. 2015;26 1):99-112.

Anaka O, Raymond I, Ozolua O. Effect of the aqueous seed extract of Persea americana on the blood pressure of Sprague-dawley rats, African Journal of Pharmacy. 2009;3(10):485-90.

Balasuriya N, Rupasinghe V, Sweeney M, Shelby M, Gottschall-Pass K. Antihypertensive Effects of Apple Peel Extract on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Pharmacologia. 2015;6(8):371-6.

Mahomoodally M, Gurib-Fakim A, Subratty A. “Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical profiles of endemic medicinal plants of Mauritius,” Pharmaceutical Biology. 2005;43(3):237–42.

Pandey A. “Anti-staphylococcal activity of a pan-tropical aggressive and obnoxious weed Parihenium histerophorus: an in vitro study,” National Academy Science Letters. 2007;30(11-12):383–6.

Rice-Evans C, Miller N, Bolwell, P, Bramley P, Pridham J. The relative activities of Plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoid. Free radical Research. 1995;22:375-83.

Cook N, Samman S. “Review: flavonoids-chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects and dietary sources,” Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 1996;7(2):66–76.

Gasparotto J, Gasparotto F, Lourenco E, Crestani S, Stefanello M, Salvador M, et al. Antihypertensive effects of isoquercitrin and extracts from Tropaeolum majus L.: Evidence for the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011;134: 363-72.

Villar I, Vera R, Galisteo M, O'Valle F, Romero M, Zarzuelo A, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide production stimulated by the bioflavonoid chrysin in rat isolated aorta. Planta Medica. 2005;71:829-34.

Eja M, Asikong B, Abriba C, Arikpo G. Comparator assessments of the antimicrobial effect of garlic (Allum sativum). The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2007;38(2):343-8.

Curtis T, Scholfield C. Nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ influx independent of L-type Ca2+ channels in microvascular smooth muscle of the rabbit choroid. Journal of Physiology. 2000;523:154-5.

Luther J. Is there a new dawn for selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism? Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 2014;23(5):456-61.

Sulyma M, Ogurtsov V. Calcium channel blockers: similarities and differences in pharmacological profile. International Scientific Journal. 2016;10(20):37-41.

Published
2021-10-13
Section
Original Article