No Article Processing Charges (APCs)
Publication Ethics

1. Submission Declaration

By submitting a manuscript to this journal, the authors affirm that:

  • The content has not been formally published elsewhere, with the exception of certain publicly accessible formats such as preprints, academic abstracts, theses, conference presentations, or registered protocols.
  • The manuscript is not currently being reviewed by any other journal.
  • All authors, as well as the relevant institutional authorities where the research was performed, have given their approval for the submission.
  • If accepted, the article will not be republished in the same form, in any language, including electronically, without written consent from the copyright holder.
  • To uphold publication integrity, submitted materials may be verified using originality-checking tools.

 

2. Authorship Responsibilities

All individuals listed as authors should have made a substantial and identifiable contribution to the work in one or more of the following areas:

  • Conceptual design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation.
  • Drafting or critically reviewing the manuscript with regard to scholarly content.
  • Reviewing and approving the final version submitted for publication.

A designated corresponding author will serve as the primary point of contact with the editorial office during the peer review and publication process. All authors are jointly accountable for the accuracy and integrity of the entire work.

2.1 Changes in Authorship

Any alterations to the authorship after submission—such as additions, removals, or reordering—should be avoided. If changes are necessary, they must:

  • Be submitted prior to manuscript acceptance.
  • Be requested by the corresponding author with documented approval from all listed contributors.
  • Be justified through completion of the journal’s authorship change request form.

Post-acceptance changes will only be considered in exceptional circumstances and may delay publication. Approved updates to already published papers will require issuance of a corrigendum. Unauthorized changes may result in manuscript withdrawal or retraction.

3. Conflict of Interest Disclosure

All authors must disclose financial or personal relationships that could influence the research, including but not limited to:

  • Employment, consultancies, stock ownership.
  • Honoraria, expert testimony, patent registrations.
  • Grants or other forms of funding.

Authors must complete the declaration tool during submission. Those without competing interests must select “I have nothing to declare.” The completed declaration should be uploaded as a Word document (.doc/.docx) without requiring author signatures.

4. Financial Support and Funding Transparency

Authors must clearly state all sources of financial support for the research and manuscript preparation. They should also specify the role of the funding bodies, if any, in study design, data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, manuscript drafting, and publication decision.

Authors must report any financial support received for the research or manuscript preparation. Sponsorship roles should be explicitly stated in relation to study design, data collection and analysis, reporting, and submission decisions. If funders had no role in the research, this should be mentioned.

Funding sources should be listed in the following format: “Funding: This research was supported by [Institution] [grant number], [Foundation] [grant number], and [Agency] [grant number]”.

  • Avoid detailed descriptions of grants, scholarships, or awards.
  • If funding was provided through institutional resources, list the organization name.
  • If no funding was received, include the following statement: “This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors”.