Effects of Herbal Medicines on Wound Repair via the Modulation of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF): A Mini-Review
Abstract
The transforming-growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are two factors with significant roles in the wound healing process. There are two therapeutic approaches to wound repair consisting of beauty wise and strength wise. This study was conducted to review the roles of herbal medicines in the wound repair process focusing on the roles of TGFβ1 and bFGF according to approaches. Scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to find review articles about using herbal medicines in wound repair. Further evidence confirmed the efficiency of aloe vera in comparison with other medicinal plants. That is, it could up-regulate both TGFβ1 and bFGF. Wound repair is a very complex process that requires interdisciplinary management. Targeting different parts of this complex mechanism may have different clinical results. Medicinal plants are not exceptions, and the use of these plants may have different outcomes. The management strategy of wounds depends on several factors.References
Song L, Tian Y, Xu Z-J, Zhang C-P. Adrenaline inhibited cell proliferation and regulated expression of TGF-beta1 and bFGF in cultured human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts via alpha-receptor. EXCLI Journal. 2008;7:1-12.
Gaspar-Pintiliescu A, Stanciuc A-M, Craciunescu O. Natural composite dressings based on collagen, gelatin and plant bioactive compounds for wound healing: A review. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2019;138:854-65.
Rao D, Stolk RF, de Blauw MH, Hovens MM, Hassing R-J. Ancient Bruises: a Case of Skin Lesions due to Vitamin C Deficiency. European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine. 2015;2(7).
Alves CC, Torrinhas RS, Giorgi R, Brentani MM, Logullo AF, Waitzberg DL. TGF‐β1 expression in wound healing is acutely affected by experimental malnutrition and early enteral feeding. International wound journal. 2014;11(5):533-9.
Poniatowski ŁA, Wojdasiewicz P, Gasik R, Szukiewicz D. Transforming growth factor Beta family: insight into the role of growth factors in regulation of fracture healing biology and potential clinical applications. Mediators of inflammation. 2015;2015.
Hormozi M, Gholami M, Babaniazi A, Gharravi AM. Calendula officinalis stimulate proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts via expression of growth factors TGFβ1 and bFGF. Inflammation and regeneration. 2019;39(1):1-7.
Zittermann SI, Issekutz AC. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) potentiates leukocyte recruitment to inflammation by enhancing endothelial adhesion molecule expression. The American journal of pathology. 2006;168(3):835-46.
Kanazawa S, Fujiwara T, Matsuzaki S, Shingaki K, Taniguchi M, Miyata S, et al. bFGF regulates PI3-kinase-Rac1-JNK pathway and promotes fibroblast migration in wound healing. PloS one. 2010;5(8):e12228.
Nadri S, Mahmoudvand H. Iranian Medicinal Plants of the Asteriaceae family in Pain Therapy: A Systematic Review. Herbal Medicines Journal. 2021;6(1).
Nussbaum SR, Carter MJ, Fife CE, DaVanzo J, Haught R, Nusgart M, et al. An economic evaluation of the impact, cost, and medicare policy implications of chronic nonhealing wounds. Value in Health. 2018;21(1):27-32.
Hormozi M, Baharvand P. Achillea biebersteinni Afan may inhibit scar formation: In vitro study. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine. 2019;7(5):e640.
Hormozi M, Assaei R, Boroujeni MB. The effect of aloe vera on the expression of wound healing factors (TGFβ1 and bFGF) in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell: In vitro study. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017;88:610-6.
Sheth VH, Shah NP, Jain R, Bhanushali N, Bhatnagar V. Development and validation of a risk-of-bias tool for assessing in vitro studies conducted in dentistry: The QUIN. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2022.
Rohloff J, Skagen EB, Steen AH, Iversen T-H. Production of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in Norway: essential oil content and quality. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2000;48(12):6205-9.
Maver T, Maver U, Stana Kleinschek K, Smrke DM, Kreft S. A review of herbal medicines in wound healing. International journal of dermatology. 2015;54(7):740-51.
Zeinali E, Rahimmalek M. Effect of seasonal variation on essential oil yield, and morpho-physiological properties of Achillea filipendulina Lam. Journal of Herbal Drugs (An International Journal on Medicinal Herbs). 2013;3(4):199-208.
Mohamed ME, Elsayed SA, Madkor HR, Eldien HMS, Mohafez OM. Yarrow oil ameliorates ulcerative colitis in mice model via regulating the NF‐κB and PPAR-γ pathways. Intestinal research. 2021;19(2):194.
Jalali FSS, Tajik H, Hadian M. Efficacy of topical application of alcoholic extract of yarrow in the healing process of experimental burn wounds in rabbit. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2012;21(2):177-81.
Atiba A, Nishimura M, Kakinuma S, Hiraoka T, Goryo M, Shimada Y, et al. Aloe vera oral administration accelerates acute radiation-delayed wound healing by stimulating transforming growth factor-β and fibroblast growth factor production. The American Journal of Surgery. 2011;201(6):809-18.
Takzaree N, Hadjiakhondi A, Hassanzadeh G, Rouini MR, Manayi A, Zolbin MM. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation in cutaneous wounds after topical application of aloe vera gel. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 2016;94(12):1285-90.
Hashemi SA, Madani SA, Abediankenari S. The review on properties of Aloe vera in healing of cutaneous wounds. BioMed research international. 2015;2015.
Atik N, Sururi MAR, Kartiwa RA. Comparison of TGF-β1 in corneal laceration with or without Aloe vera gel treatment. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research| Jan-Mar. 2021;11(1):121.
Putri IPN, Prajoko YW, Prihharsanti CHN, Sadhana U, Susilaningsih N. Topical Role of Ozonated Aloe vera Oil in Radiation Dermatitis: Expression of TGF-β and Collagen Density. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;10(E):1004-11.
Hook IL. Danggui to Angelica sinensis root: are potential benefits to European women lost in translation? A review. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2014;152(1):1-13.
Hsiao C-Y, Hung C-Y, Tsai T-H, Chak K-F. A study of the wound healing mechanism of a traditional chinese medicine, Angelica sinensis, using a proteomic approach. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;2012.
Huang X, Wang J, Yu Z, Duan M, Lin Z. Regulatory Effect of Angelica sinensis Polysaccharide on BMP-7/Smads/TGF-β1 Signal Pathway in Kidney of Rats with Radiation Injury. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2022;54(5):2449.
Qu C, Dong W. Polysaccharides Extracted from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels Relieve the Malignant Characteristics of Glioma Cells through Regulating the MiR-373-3p-Mediated TGF-β/Smad4 Signaling Pathway. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022;2022.
Asgharikhatooni A, Bani S, Hasanpoor S, Alizade SM, Javadzadeh Y. The effect of equisetum arvense (horse tail) ointment on wound healing and pain intensity after episiotomy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2015;17(3).
Enciso Gutiérrez J, Amiel Pérez J, Guija Poma E, Fukusaki Yoshizawa A, Reátegui Arévalo O, Amiel Peña D, et al. Actividad antioxidante del extracto hidroalcohólico de cuatro plantas medicinales y estimulación de la proliferación de fibroblastos. Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú. 2010;76(1):73-9.
Low JS, Mak K-K, Zhang S, Pichika MR, Marappan P, Mohandas K, et al. In vitro methods used for discovering plant derived products as wound healing agents–An update on the cell types and rationale. Fitoterapia. 2021;154:105026.
Mahmoudvand H, Forutani S, Nadri S. Comparison of treatment outcomes of surgical repair in inguinal hernia with classic versus preperitoneal methods on reduction of postoperative complications. BioMed research international. 2017;2017.
El-Khadrawy O, Moussa G, Mansour O, Hashish M. Prophylactic prosthetic reinforcement of midline abdominal incisions in high-risk patients. Hernia. 2009;13(3):267-74.
Li L, Ma Q, Mou J, Wang M, Ye J, Sun G. Basic fibroblast growth factor gel preparation induces angiogenesis during wound healing. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 2023;46(3):171-81.
Birkenhauer E, Neethirajan S. A Double-Edged Sword: The Role of VEGF in Wound Repair and Chemoattraction of Opportunist Pathogens. International journal of molecular sciences. 2015;16(4):7159-72.
Zulkefli N, Che Zahari CNM, Sayuti NH, Kamarudin AA, Saad N, Hamezah HS, et al. Flavonoids as potential wound-healing molecules: Emphasis on pathways perspective. International journal of molecular sciences. 2023;24(5):4607.
Nafiu AB, Rahman MT. Selenium added unripe carica papaya pulp extracts enhance wound repair through TGF-β1 and VEGF-a signalling pathway. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2015;15(1):369.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation. Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license (CC-BY). However, the license permits any user to read, copy, redistribute and and make derivative the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
