Allium jesdianum Boiss. & Buhse (Bon-e-Sorkh or Yazdi onion in Persian) is one of Iran's important endemic and threatened plants belonging to the genus Allium. It grows at high altitudes (1800‒2600 m) in Zagros Mountains, where locals use the bulbs and aerial parts of the plant to treat colds, stomachaches, rheumatic pains,moisture diseases, and kidney problems. There is little research that highlights the chemical composition and biological activities of this medicinal herb. This review outlines the available literature on morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and medicinal uses of the A. jesdianum. Google Scholar, PubMed,Scopus, Web of Science, and local databases were searched to find relevant articles published in these databases from 1996 to 2023. Various climatic and environmental factors can affect the chemical composition of A.jesdianum. Bon-e-Sorkh possesses several medicinally significant activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-hepatic, anti-nephrotoxicity, anticancer,anti-Alzheimer's, antiplatelet, anti-anxiolytic, nephrolithiasis, protoscolicidal, and anti-toxicity activities. Investigators should complete further research to prove or confirm the results of previous studies reported in this paper by conducting more in vitro studies, and then in vivo as well as clinical studies if the results are promising