Genus Rubia: Therapeutic Effects and Toxicity: A Review

Eskandarzadeh, Marzieh; Esmaeili, Akam; Nikbakht, Mohammad Reza; Hitotsuyanagi, Yukio; Shkryl, Yuri N; Ghasemian Yadegari, Javad; Rezazadeh, Hassan; Khalili Fard, Javad

doi:10.22087/hmj.v8i1.903

Genus Rubia: Therapeutic Effects and Toxicity: A Review

Reviewers

Authors

Marzieh Eskandarzadeh ¹

Akam Esmaeili ²

Mohammad Reza Nikbakht ³

Yukio Hitotsuyanagi ⁴

Yuri N Shkryl ⁵

Javad Ghasemian Yadegari ⁶

Hassan Rezazadeh ⁷

Javad Khalili Fard ⁷

¹ Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

² Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

³ Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

⁴ Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hajiochi, Tokyo 192-03, Japan

⁵ Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation

⁶ Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

⁷ Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

10.22087/hmj.v8i1.903

Abstract

The Rubiaceae family taxonomic classification is complex. Genus Rubia with 70 species belongs to Rubieae tribe of Rubioideae subfamily of the Rubiaceae family. These species have been widely distributed and cultivated around the world, and are mainly concentrated in the tropics. The effects of bioactive metabolites of various parts, particularly roots of Rubia species have been thoroughly examined, and their pharmacological and toxicological effects have been described. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, antiseizure and antimicrobial effects as well as toxicological properties of Rubia species have been previously reported. This study was conducted as a literature survey of various species of Rubiaceae published from 1992 to 2020. Moreover, their toxic and protective effects on living organisms were summarized.

Keywords

Rubiaceae

Rubieae

Rubia

Toxicity

Protective effects