Background and Aim: Hyssopus officinalis L. belonging to the family Lamiaceaeis a perennial herb known as a culinary and medicinal herb. This study was conducted to investigate the compatibility of culture and the effect of drought on the growth and essential oil compounds of hyssop in Lorestan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, we first evaluated the ability of hyssop plant with regard to adaption and establishment in Aligudarz region in Lorestan province. Then, hyssop was cultivated in irrigated and non-irrigated (dryland) conditions, and their essential oil changes were investigated. Results: The results of the present study showed that the fresh and dry weight of established plants was 10590 and 3780 kg.ha-1 respectively, which indicates the compatibility of hyssop plants in Aligudarz region. Moreover, the results showed that 95.8% of essential oil composition was determined in irrigated conditions that the highest amount of which was related to Isocamfopinone with 34.2%. Furthermore, the percentage of compounds such as Trans-pinocamphone (19%), Thymol (28.8%), Ortho-menth-8-ene-4-methanol (6.86%), ß–pinene (6.35%), Myrtenol (4.18%) and Pinocarvone (3.84%) had the highest amount of essential oil composition compared to other essential oil compounds. In dryland conditions, about 97.39% of the total essential oil compositions were identified. Also, it was found that the highest amount of these compounds was related to Isocamphopinone (38.63%). Conclusion: It was found in this study that irrigated and dryland conditions had different effects on the essential oil compounds of the hyssop medicinal plant so that in both conditions some compounds increased and others decreased, and some were constant. Moreover, depending on the production goal, hyssop can be cultivated in each of these conditions.