Parasitic diseases remain a significant global health concern, particularly in developing and tropical regions where environmental conditions and limited healthcare resources facilitate their transmission. Despite progress in modern medicine, the effective management of parasitic infections is still hindered by challenges such as drug resistance, toxicity, limited therapeutic efficacy, and high treatment costs. In this context, medicinal plants have attracted growing scientific interest as potential sources of novel antiparasitic agents. Traditional medical systems have long utilized plant-based remedies to treat parasitic infections, and contemporary pharmacological studies increasingly support their therapeutic potential. Medicinal plants contain diverse bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, and essential oils, which exhibit significant antiparasitic activities. These compounds may act through multiple mechanisms, such as disrupting parasite metabolism, inhibiting reproduction, damaging cellular structures, or modulating host immune responses. Several plant extracts have demonstrated inhibitory effects against major protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium, Leishmania, Giardia, and Trypanosoma, as well as various helminths. However, further research is required to ensure the safety, efficacy, and standardization of herbal preparations through well-designed pharmacological and clinical studies. Additionally, sustainable management of medicinal plant biodiversity is essential to preserve these valuable natural resources. Overall, medicinal plants represent promising candidates for the development of accessible and effective antiparasitic therapies and may play an important role in future global health strategies.